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Our fertility experts work closely with your providers to tailor your treatments to your needs.

Fertility Preservation

Protects Reproductive Tissue Before Treatment for Cancer and Other Conditions

For More Information 919-572-4673

Fertility preservation is a safe way to save or protect your healthy reproductive tissue when your fertility is at risk. This may occur because you are:

  • About to undergo chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery, which can affect the production of hormones, eggs, or sperm, or damage your uterus.
  • Experiencing a gynecological condition, such as endometriosis or uterine fibroids, that makes it difficult to become pregnant.
  • Planning to delay having a family until you are older.

Our fertility experts coordinate your care with your healthcare providers. Fertility preservation is safe and is tailored to your needs, so it won’t compromise the success of your treatment.

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How Treatment May Impact Fertility

While most medical treatments have little to no effect on reproductive health, some, like chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery, can damage the testes or ovaries.

Surgery and radiation therapy focused on the abdomen and pelvis may cause temporary or permanent infertility, as well as early menopause.

The risk of your fertility depends on your diagnosis, the treatment you undergo, and the treatment doses.

Fertility Preservation for People with Cancer

If you have been diagnosed with cancer and require fertility counseling, ask your care team for a referral to our specialists. We will prioritize your appointment to ensure it doesn’t delay your treatment. Our team supports individuals of all genders and ages, including children.

We work closely with your oncology team from the time of your diagnosis and through your survivorship when you are ready to start your family.

Our dedicated nurse navigator coordinates all aspects of your care. This includes helping you and your family understand your fertility preservation options and referring you and your family to our support services to ensure all your care includes all the support you need throughout your journey. 

This may include individual and family therapy, child and adolescent life services for children with a parent who has cancer, self-image services, sexual health and intimacy services, and more.

Our navigators can also provide help in overcoming financial barriers to fertility preservation, as well as post-treatment family planning, if you did not pursue preservation before your treatment.

Cancer Support Services

Learn about the cancer support services we offer to you and your loved ones. 

Tests for Egg Retrieval

Our fertility providers consider your age, sex, medical history, and type of treatment to best understand your level of infertility risk. 

Anti-Müllerian Hormone Test

Drawing blood to check hormone levels helps us assess your ovarian reserve -- how many potential fertile egg cells you have. The results can determine what kind of medications you may need ahead of egg retrieval and how many eggs may be extracted.

Ultrasound

Sonograms use high-frequency sound waves to produce images of your ovaries. They help us determine the quantity and health of your eggs and how to best retrieve them.  

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Collecting Eggs for Fertility Preservation

Collecting Eggs for Fertility Preservation

The process of collecting eggs requires between 8 and 10 appointments over 2 to 3 weeks. During this time, you will take medication to help your eggs develop and mature. At each visit, we’ll draw blood for testing and may perform an ultrasound to track the growth of the eggs.

When your eggs are ready to be extracted, we’ll perform a minimally invasive procedure that takes about 15 minutes in our clinic. During the extraction, a fertility specialist will use a thin needle to extract one egg at a time. Each egg will be placed in a test tube labeled with your name and a unique identification number that can be tracked with an individualized code provided to you.

Freezing Eggs

Your eggs will remain frozen until you are ready to use them. They’ll be safely transported to a secure preservation facility until you request them. This option allows you to choose whether the egg will be fertilized with sperm from a partner or a donor in the future.

Freezing Embryos

Your eggs may be fertilized to create embryos before freezing. When thawed, we can implant them in you or a surrogate. This process requires you to decide if the eggs will be fertilized by sperm from a partner or a donor.

Hormone Therapy to Preserve Eggs

Hormone medications may be prescribed to temporarily prevent your ovaries from releasing eggs so your ovaries are “asleep” during your treatment. Once your treatment is complete, and the medication stops, your periods may slowly return to normal if an egg supply remains.

Fertility Preservation Restrictions

Some requirements are necessary to ensure your health as well as the health of your eggs. We don’t perform fertility preservation services with eggs for people who are age 44 or older. Older eggs are not typically healthy enough to be used in the future. People with a body mass index over 44 may also not be candidates for outpatient treatment at our clinic due to safety requirements typically reserved for inpatient care in a hospital setting.

Ovarian Tissue Freezing (Cryopreservation)

Ovarian tissue freezing may be an option for girls who have not reached puberty and face fertility risks due to treatment for cancer or another condition. It may also be appropriate for people for whom egg or embryo freezing is not possible.

The procedure removes the egg-producing portion from one ovary, and the tissue is frozen for later use. You may choose to have the tissue thawed and put into the body, or, eggs may be collected from the tissue, go through a maturation process, followed by in vitro fertilization (IVF) to make an embryo, and then transferred to the uterus for pregnancy.

Duke Fertility Center

Learn more about the Duke Fertility Center.

Collecting Sperm for Fertility Preservation

It’s best to collect semen before treatment that poses a risk to the testicles to get as many healthy sperm as possible.

Semen Analysis

A semen analysis provides information about the volume, health, and viability of your sperm. Based on this information, we may recommend a one-time collection or multiple visits to ensure we capture and save the healthiest sperm possible.

Sperm Cryopreservation (Sperm Banking)

After a consultation with a provider, you will provide a semen sample. Banking sperm for cryopreservation (freezing) is most often done in our clinic via masturbation. If viable sperm cannot be collected, a provider may perform an outpatient procedure in our clinic to retrieve sperm from a testicle. This involves applying a local anesthetic to your groin and inserting a thin needle into your testes to extract sperm.

Freezing Sperm

Once collected, sperm can be stored in a frozen state indefinitely before use to begin a pregnancy. Your sperm will be safely and securely transferred for long-term storage at a preservation facility. 

Best Hospital for Obstetrics and Gynecology in North Carolina

Where you receive your care matters. Duke University Hospital is proud of our team and the exceptional care they provide. That is why our obstetrics and gynecology program is nationally ranked and is the highest-ranked program in North Carolina, according to U.S. News & World Report for 2025-2026.

Why Choose Duke

Step-by-Step Guidance
If your healthcare team identifies the need for a fertility preservation consultation, they will refer you to our team. We will be in contact with you throughout your time at the Duke Fertility Center and coordinate your care with your primary team.

We Help You Understand You Understand the Financial Options
Total costs are different for everyone, and most insurance policies do not cover fertility preservation. However, there are financial assistance programs available to help with costs. You will be contacted by a member of our team after you are referred to the Duke Fertility Center. Our team members will walk you through your options for financial assistance and can help you complete the necessary paperwork. 

This page was medically reviewed on 07/11/2025 by