How Treatment May Impact Fertility
While most medical treatments have little to no effect on reproductive health, some, like chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery, can damage the testes or ovaries.
Surgery and radiation therapy focused on the abdomen and pelvis may cause temporary or permanent infertility, as well as early menopause.
The risk of your fertility depends on your diagnosis, the treatment you undergo, and the treatment doses.
Fertility Preservation for People with Cancer
If you have been diagnosed with cancer and require fertility counseling, ask your care team for a referral to our specialists. We will prioritize your appointment to ensure it doesn’t delay your treatment. Our team supports individuals of all genders and ages, including children.
We work closely with your oncology team from the time of your diagnosis and through your survivorship when you are ready to start your family.
Our dedicated nurse navigator coordinates all aspects of your care. This includes helping you and your family understand your fertility preservation options and referring you and your family to our support services to ensure all your care includes all the support you need throughout your journey.
This may include individual and family therapy, child and adolescent life services for children with a parent who has cancer, self-image services, sexual health and intimacy services, and more.
Our navigators can also provide help in overcoming financial barriers to fertility preservation, as well as post-treatment family planning, if you did not pursue preservation before your treatment.
Collecting Eggs for Fertility Preservation
Collecting Eggs for Fertility Preservation
The process of collecting eggs requires between 8 and 10 appointments over 2 to 3 weeks. During this time, you will take medication to help your eggs develop and mature. At each visit, we’ll draw blood for testing and may perform an ultrasound to track the growth of the eggs.
When your eggs are ready to be extracted, we’ll perform a minimally invasive procedure that takes about 15 minutes in our clinic. During the extraction, a fertility specialist will use a thin needle to extract one egg at a time. Each egg will be placed in a test tube labeled with your name and a unique identification number that can be tracked with an individualized code provided to you.
Freezing Eggs
Your eggs will remain frozen until you are ready to use them. They’ll be safely transported to a secure preservation facility until you request them. This option allows you to choose whether the egg will be fertilized with sperm from a partner or a donor in the future.
Freezing Embryos
Your eggs may be fertilized to create embryos before freezing. When thawed, we can implant them in you or a surrogate. This process requires you to decide if the eggs will be fertilized by sperm from a partner or a donor.
Hormone Therapy to Preserve Eggs
Hormone medications may be prescribed to temporarily prevent your ovaries from releasing eggs so your ovaries are “asleep” during your treatment. Once your treatment is complete, and the medication stops, your periods may slowly return to normal if an egg supply remains.
Fertility Preservation Restrictions
Some requirements are necessary to ensure your health as well as the health of your eggs. We don’t perform fertility preservation services with eggs for people who are age 44 or older. Older eggs are not typically healthy enough to be used in the future. People with a body mass index over 44 may also not be candidates for outpatient treatment at our clinic due to safety requirements typically reserved for inpatient care in a hospital setting.
Ovarian Tissue Freezing (Cryopreservation)
Ovarian tissue freezing may be an option for girls who have not reached puberty and face fertility risks due to treatment for cancer or another condition. It may also be appropriate for people for whom egg or embryo freezing is not possible.
The procedure removes the egg-producing portion from one ovary, and the tissue is frozen for later use. You may choose to have the tissue thawed and put into the body, or, eggs may be collected from the tissue, go through a maturation process, followed by in vitro fertilization (IVF) to make an embryo, and then transferred to the uterus for pregnancy.
Collecting Sperm for Fertility Preservation
It’s best to collect semen before treatment that poses a risk to the testicles to get as many healthy sperm as possible.
Semen Analysis
A semen analysis provides information about the volume, health, and viability of your sperm. Based on this information, we may recommend a one-time collection or multiple visits to ensure we capture and save the healthiest sperm possible.
Sperm Cryopreservation (Sperm Banking)
After a consultation with a provider, you will provide a semen sample. Banking sperm for cryopreservation (freezing) is most often done in our clinic via masturbation. If viable sperm cannot be collected, a provider may perform an outpatient procedure in our clinic to retrieve sperm from a testicle. This involves applying a local anesthetic to your groin and inserting a thin needle into your testes to extract sperm.
Freezing Sperm
Once collected, sperm can be stored in a frozen state indefinitely before use to begin a pregnancy. Your sperm will be safely and securely transferred for long-term storage at a preservation facility.