Responsive Neurostimulation (RNS)

RNS constantly monitors your brain activity; when it identifies abnormal brain waves that are associated with a seizure, it sends brief electrical signals to reset the brain’s normal activity. The device is made up of two parts: a generator and electrodes. The RNS generator is placed in a small window in the skull and connects to electrodes placed on or in the brain. 

RNS is more effective over time, reducing seizures by about 60% to 80% after one to three years.¹ RNS is FDA-approved for people ages 18 years and older. However, in certain circumstances, RNS can be used in younger children with epilepsy.

Learn how responsive neurostimulation works.

Before the surgery to place your RNS device, you will undergo a thorough epilepsy evaluation to pinpoint the area in your brain where seizures begin. 

First, a neurosurgeon makes tiny holes in the skull to implant up to four threadlike electrodes on the brain’s surface or deeper within the brain. The electrodes are strategically placed where your seizures originate. Then the surgeon creates a larger opening in the skull and embeds the RNS generator. The surgeon attaches the generator to the electrodes through tiny wires called leads and closes the incision. The procedure takes about three to four hours. You’ll likely stay in the hospital for one night following the surgery. Full recovery takes six to eight weeks.

The RNS device begins monitoring brain activity as soon as the surgery is completed. For the first few weeks to months after the surgery, you will hold a magnet over the device when you have a seizure. This teaches your RNS to recognize seizures. Your neurologist will program your device to deliver electrical stimulation when it detects the beginning of a seizure.

Doctors usually recommend continuing epilepsy medications after placement of an RNS, though this surgery may enable you to reduce your medications.

RNS batteries need to be changed about every 8 to 10 years. This requires an outpatient surgical procedure.