Spinal dysraphism is a general term used to identify developmental spinal cord abnormalities. The most common form is known as spina bifida or “split spine.”

What causes spinal dysraphism?

Spinal dysraphism is caused by a malformation of the bones or skin of the spinal column during fetal development. This creates a gap where the spinal cord and membrane may protrude outside the back of the body in severe cases. The direct cause of this defect is not known, but folate deficiency and genetics are thought to play a role.

What does it feel like?

Some forms of spinal dysraphism have no symptoms at all. Other forms have serious neurological symptoms such as loss of bowel and bladder control and paralysis.

How do I know if I have spinal dysraphism?

Since these spinal cord abnormalities are developed in utero, they can be diagnosed prenatally. An amniocentesis is often the first step in diagnosing the defect. If an abnormal result is found, an ultrasound is done to confirm the diagnosis.

After birth, certain scans can further assess the area of concern as well as associated conditions including lower extremity joint deformities and hydrocephalus.

How is spinal dysraphism treated?

Treatment of spinal dysraphism depends on the type of spinal cord abnormality present. With spina bifida, some infants require immediate surgery.

At Duke a multidisciplinary team of specialists work in concert to address the needs of the child as well as to education and support family members in caring for the child’s condition.