Physicians

Departments / Divisions

• Anesthesiology / Anesthesiology-Pediatric Division
• Pediatrics

Address
DUMC 3094
Durham, NC 27710

Office Telephone
919-681-3550

Fax Telephone
919-681-8357

Training

• MD, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences (Washington, DC), 1982

Residency

• Pediatrics, UCLA Hospitals, 1983-1985
• Anesthesiology, UCLA Hospitals, 1985-1987

Clinical Interests
Pediatric cardiac anesthesiology

Research Interests
Evidence based medicine (EBM) is an approach to the teaching and practice of medicine which seeks to optimize patient outcomes and quality of life by integrating patient centered, outcomes-based clinical research with clinical expertise and patient values.  EBM is an explicit, decision-making process characterized by the use of best evidence gleaned from clinical and epidemiological research.  My research focus involves applying the tools of evidence-based medicine to pediatric anesthesia and pediatric critical care medicine.  

Matriculation in the Duke University Masters of Health Science degree program has afforded me opportunities to become involved in the design, implementation and analysis of multi-center clinical trials in children.  I am active in a number of therapeutic areas, which include sedative/analgesic drugs, cardiovascular agents, and novel therapies for sepsis and multiple organ system failure.  I have participated in phase II and III multicenter clinical trials in children and have also written protocols and served on protocol development committees.  I have been awarded both NIH and pharmaceutical industry funding.

Industry Relationships and Collaborations (What's this?)

This physician (or a member of their immediate family) has a working relationship (i.e. consulting, research, and/or educational services) with the companies listed below. These relations have been reported to the health system leadership and, when appropriate, management plans are in place to address potential conflicts.

• Cadence Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Representative Publications
Hagen SA, Craig DM, Martin PL, Plumer DD, Gentile MA, Schulman SR, Cheifetz IM. Mechanically ventilated pediatric stem cell transplant recipients: effect of cord blood transplant and organ dysfunction on outcome. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2003 Apr;4(2):206-13. (2003) Abstract

Hsia SH, Schulman SR, Meliones JN, Canada AT, Chen SC. Effects of maternal nicotine exposure on branching morphogenesis of mouse fetal lung: in vivo and in vitro studies. Acta Paediatr Taiwan. 2003 May-Jun;44(3):150-4. (2003) Abstract

Erb TO, Hall JM, Ing RJ, Kanter RJ, Kern FH, Schulman SR, Gan TJ. Postoperative nausea and vomiting in children and adolescents undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation: a randomized comparison of propofol- and isoflurane-based anesthetics. Anesth Analg. 2002 Dec;95(6):1577-81, table of contents. (2002) Abstract

Erb TO, Kanter RJ, Hall JM, Gan TJ, Kern FH, Schulman SR. Comparison of electrophysiologic effects of propofol and isoflurane-based anesthetics in children undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation for supraventricular tachycardia. Anesthesiology. 2002 Jun;96(6):1386-94. (2002) Abstract

Erb TO, Schulman SR, Sugarman J. Permission and assent for clinical research in pediatric anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 2002 May;94(5):1155-60. (2002) Abstract

Schulman SR. Rapacuronium redux. Anesth Analg. 2002 Mar;94(3):483-4. (2002) Abstract

Greeley WJ, Kern FH, Schulman SR. Congenital heart disease. In: Estafanous FG, Barash PG, Reves JG, editors. Cardiac anesthesia: principles and clinical practice. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001. p. 585-615. (2001)

Ing RJ, M.B. ChB, Hall JM, Kanter RJ, M.D., Schulman SR, M.D., Erb TO, M.D. A randomized comparison of Propofol and Isoflurane based anesthetics in children undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation for supraventricular tachycardia. Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, Inc. 2001 A-1299. (2001)

Ing RJ, M.B. ChB, Hall JM, Kanter RJ, M.D., Schulman SR, M.D., Erb TO, M.D., A randomized comparison of Propofol and Isoflurane based Anesthetics in children undergoing Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Supraventricular Tachycardia. Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, Inc., Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 2001. (2001)

Kern FH, Greeley WJ, Schulman SR, Cheifetz IM, Meliones JN.  Pediatric intensive care.  In:  Estafanous FG, Barash PG, Reves JG, editors.  Cardiac anesthesia: principles and clinical practice.  2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001. p. 505-537. (2001)

Schulman SR, Greeley WJ.  Marfan's syndrome: anesthetic considerations.  In: Roizen MF, Fleischer LA, editors.  Essence of anesthesia practice.  2nd ed.  Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2001. p. 215. (2001)

Sharma AD, Erb T, Schulman SR, Sreeram G, Slaughter TF. Anaesthetic considerations for a child with combined Prader-Willi syndrome and mitochondrial myopathy. Paediatr Anaesth. 2001 Jul;11(4):488-90. (2001) Abstract

Brown JM, Schulman SR. Sedation in the Paediatric ICU. S Afr J Crit Care 2000 Apr; 16 (1): 15-20. (2000)

Hall J, Schulman SR, Kern FH, Erb T. Comparing the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in radiofrequency catheter ablation: propofol versus isoflurane. Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, Department of Anesthesiology Academic Evening, May 2, 2000. (2000)

Klonin H, Henry J, Moses JW, Clark RL, Schulman SR. Ambient noise in paediatric intensive care. World Congress on Pediatric Intensive Care, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, June 27, 2000. (2000)

Schulman, SR. Sedation in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Curr Anesth Rep 2000 Nov; 2 (6): 504-509. (2000)

Erb T, Schulman, SR. Sedation and anesthesia for pediatric Fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Current Anesthesiology Report, 1:57-60, 1999. (1999)

Fortney JT, Halperin EC, Hertz CM, Schulman SR. Anesthesia for pediatric external beam radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1999 Jun 1;44(3):587-91. (1999) Abstract

Schulman SR. A cost analysis of enterally administered lorazepam in the pediatric intensive care unit "out of the orphanage". Crit Care Med. 1999 Feb;27(2):266-7. (1999) Abstract

Canada AT, Schulman SR, Winsett DW, et al. Hyperoxia-induced airway hyperractivity in neonatal guinea pigs is not inflammation dependent. INhal Toxicol 10:(1) 15-25 Jan 1998 (1998)

Schulman SR, Kern FH: Congenital Heart Disease. COmlications in Anesthesia. Edited by Altec JL, WB Saunders Compnay, Orlando, Florida, 1998, pp 693-697. (1998)

Schulman SR. Quartely analysis of malignant hyperthermia hotline calls. The communicator, Vol 16:3, 1998 (1998)

Cheifetz IM, Kern FH, Schulman SR, Greeley WJ, Ungerleider RM, Meliones JN. Serum lactates correlate with mortality after operations for complex congenital heart disease. Ann Thorac Surg. 1997 Sep;64(3):735-8. (1997) Abstract

Schulman SR, Canada AT, Fryer AD, Winsett DW, Costa DL. Airway hyperreactivity produced by short-term exposure to hyperoxia in neonatal guinea pigs. Am J Physiol. 1997 Jun;272(6 Pt 1):L1211-6. (1997) Abstract

Schulman SR, Knudsen NW, Ross AK, Kern FH, Meliones JN, Greeley WJ, Kurtzberg J. Evaluation of propofol and alfentanil for painful diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in children with malignancies. Am J Anesthesiol. 24:293-6, 1997. (1997)

Schulman SR. Commentary on : Chronic hypoxia induces adaptive metabolic changes in neonatal myocardium. Cardivasc. Thoracic Anesth. J Club J. 2:75-7, 1997. (1997)

Cheifetz IM, Meliones JN, Wilson BG, Gaynor JW, Schulman SR. Severe cardiorespiratory dysfunction following cold water submersion: the successful use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Respiratory Care 41:226-231,1996. (1996)

Kern FH, Schulman SR, Greeley WJ. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Technique and Effects. In: Perioperative Management of the Patient with Congenital Heart Disease. Edited by Greeley, WJ. Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists Monograph, Baltimore MD, Williams & Wilkins, 1996, pp.67-120. (1996)

Schulman SR, Canada AS, Fryer A, Winsett D, Costa DL. Histamine hyperreactivity after hyperoxia in neonatal guinea pigs is not due to inflammation, Amer Thor Soc 153:A625, 1996. (1996)

Schulman SR, Canada AS, Fryer A. Hyperresponsiveness in neonatal guinea pigs: Preservation of neuronal M2 and M3 muscarinic receptor function. 9th Annual Pediatric Critical Care Colloquium, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, September 25-28, 1996. (1996)

Schulman SR, Greeley WJ. Marfan's syndrome: anesthetic considerations. In: Essence of Anesthesia Practice. Edited by Roizen MF and Fleischer, LA. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1996, pp 208. (1996)

Schulman SR, Greeley WJ. Pediatric Intensive Care. In: Critical Care Medicine: Perioperative Management. Edited by Murray MH, Pearl RG and Prough DS. New York, Raven Press, 1996. (1996)

Schulman SR. Anesthesia for neonatal circumcision. North Carolina Medical Journal 57:197,1996. (1996)

Schulman SR. Commentary on: Anesthetic techniques for pediatric thoracoscopy. The cardiovascular and thoracic anesthesia journal club journal 1:137-139, 1996. (1996)

Abiad MG, Cohen E, Krellenstein DJ, Schulman SR, Greeley WJ. Case 1-1995. Anesthetic management for resection of a giant pulmonary arteriovenous malformation. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 1995 Feb;9(1):89-94. (1995) Abstract

Chai PJ, Skaryak LA, Ungerleider RM, Greeley WJ, Kern FH, Schulman SR, Hansell DR, Auten RL, Mahaffey SF, Meliones JN. Jugular ligation does not increase intracranial pressure but does increase bihemispheric cerebral blood flow and metabolism. Crit Care Med. 1995 Nov;23(11):1864-71. (1995) Abstract

Kern FH, Ungerleider RM, Schulman SR, Meliones JN, Schell RM, Baldwin B, Hickey PR, Newman MF, Jonas RA, Greeley WJ. Comparing two strategies of cardiopulmonary bypass cooling on jugular venous oxygen saturation in neonates and infants. Ann Thorac Surg. 1995 Nov;60(5):1198-202. (1995) Abstract

Meliones JN, Ungerleider RM, Schulman SR, Mahaffey SF, Chai PJ, Greeley WJ, Hansell DR, Skaryak LA, Kern FH, Auten RL. Jugular ligation does not increase intracranial pressure but does increase bihemispheric cerebral blood flow and metabolism. November l995 Accepted for publication in Critical Care Med. (1995)

Schulman SR, Canada A, Ginsberg B, Glass PS. Serum propofol level associated with antiemetic effect. Anesth Analg 80:S4l9, l995 (1995)

Schulman SR, Canada A, Meliones JN, Kern FH, Greeley WJ, Winsett D. Costa D. Hyperoxia and airway hyperreactivity in neonatal guinea pigs. Peds Critical Colloquium, October 7-ll, l995 (1995)

Schulman SR, Canada A. Hyperoxia enhances airway reactivity: newborn guinea pigs. ASA Annual Meeting l995 (1995)

Schulman SR, Greeley WJ: Marfans Syndrome: Anesthetic Considerations. Essence of Anesthesia Practice. Edited by Roizen, MF and Fleischer, LA. Philadelphia, WB Saunders l995. (1995)

Schulman SR, Greeley WJ: Pediatric Intensive Care in Critical Care Medicine: Perioperative Management. Edited by Murray MJ, Pearl RG and Prough DS. New York, Raven Press. (1995)

Schulman SR, Hilton AB, O'Brien F, White W, Halperin E, Glass PS. Do pediatric patients demonstrate tolerance to propofol? Society for Pediatric Anesthesia Annual Meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, February l6-20, l995. (1995)

Schulman SR, Kern FH, Greeley WJ: Coagulation disorders in congenital heart disease, Critical Heart Disease in Infants and Children. Edited by Nichols D, Cameron D, Greeley W, Lappe D, Ungerleider R, Wetzel R. Mosby Yearbook, Chicago, l995, pp. 40l-4l4. (1995)

Schulman SR, Knudsen NW. Propofol and alfentanil for painful diagnostic procedures in children. Anesth Analg 80: S420, l995. (1995)

Schulman SR, Rockett CB, Canada A, Glass, PS. Long term propofol infusion for refractory postoperative nausea. Anesth Analg 80:636-7, l995 (1995)

Schulman SR, Rockett CB, Canada AT, Glass PS. Long-term propofol infusion for refractory postoperative nausea: a case report with quantitative propofol analysis. Anesth Analg. 1995 Mar;80(3):636-7. (1995) Abstract

Ungerleider RM, Kisslo JA, Greeley WJ, Li JS, Kanter RJ, Kern FH, Schulman SR, Nesmith JW, Gaynor JW, Bengur AR. Intraoperative echocardiography during congenital heart operations: experience from 1,000 cases. Ann Thorac Surg. 1995 Dec;60(6 Suppl):S539-42. (1995) Abstract

Foulk DA, Boakes J, Rab GT, Schulman SR. The use of caudal epidural anesthesia in clubfoot surgery. J Pediatr Orthop In press. (1994)

Kern FH, Ungerleider RM, Gaynor JW, Schulman SR, Meliones JN, Baldwin B, Faghih F, Reves JG, Greeley WJ. Cerebral perfusion abnormalities are present during active CPB cooling in neonates and infants. Anesth 81:A1394, 1994 (1994)

Meliones JN, Ungerleider RM, Kern FH, Schulman SR, Stockwell J: Perioperative Management of Congenital Heart Disease, Surgical Critical Care. Edited by Moylan JA. St. Louis, Mosby- Year Book, 1994, pp 205-256 (1994)

Schulman SR, Greeley WJ. Comment on Anesthetic Management for Resection of a Giant Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. In press. (1994)

Schulman SR, Gronert GA: Clinical features of malignant hyperthermia in man, Malignant Hyperthermia: A Genetic Membrane Disease. Edited by Ohnishi ST and Ohnishi TO. Boca Raton, CRC Press, 1994, pp 69-80 (1994)

Schulman SR, Hilton AB, O'Brien F, White W, Halperin E, Glass PSA. Do Pediatric Patients Demonstrate Tolerance To Propofol? Academic Evening, Duke University Medical Center, Dept. of Anesthesiology, May 5, 1994 (1994)

Schulman SR, Rockett CB, Canada A, Glass, PSA. Long term propofol infusion for refractory postoperative nausea. Anesth Analg In press. (1994)

Schulman SR. International Anesthesiology Clinic: The Pediatric Airway. Anesth 80:247-8,1994 (1994)

Fontana GP, Greeley WJ, Kanter RJ, Kern FH, Schulman SR, Armstrong BE, Garson AC, and Ungerleider RM: Bidirectional cavopulmonary anastamosis in the surgical management of the high risk single ventricle. Southeastern Pediatric Cardiology Society, Nashville, Tenn. 1993 (1993)

Greeley WJ, Kern FH, Schulman SR, Baldwin B, Ungerleider RM. Duration of cooling during pediatric cardiac surgery influences cerebral metabolism in infants.Anesth 79: A1143, 1993, Washington D.C. (1993)

Greeley WJ, Kern FH, Schulman SR: Congenital heart disease, Principles and Practice of Cardiac Anesthesia. Edited by Reves JG, Estafanous FG and Barash PG. Philadelphia, JB Lippincott, 1993, pp 457-489 (1993)

Kern FH, Greeley WJ, Schulman SR, Meliones JM: Pediatric Intensive Care, Principles and Practice of Cardiac Anesthesia. Edited by Reves JG, Estafanous FG and Barash PG. Philadelphia, JB Lippincott, 1993, pp 403-428 (1993)

Kern FH, Ungerleider RM, Piantidosi C, Schulman SR, Meliones JN, Baldwin B, Reves JG, Greeley WJ. Low jugular venous oxygen saturations prior to deep hypothermic circulatory arrest correlate with increased cerebral cellular metabolism, A1145. ASA, Washington, DC,October 12, 1993 (1993)

Schell RM, Kern FH, Greeley WJ, Schulman SR, Frasco PE, Croughwell ND, Newman M, Reves JG. Cerebral blood flow and metabolism during cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesth Analg. 1993 Apr;76(4):849-65. (1993) Abstract

Schulman SR, Gronert GA, Cunitz G: Malignant hyperthermia, Current Therapy in Pediatrics 3. Edited by Eichenwald HF. Philadelphia, BC Decker, 1993, pp 896-898 (1993)

Schulman SR, Jones BR, Slotnick N, Schwartz MZ. Fetal tracheal intubation with intact uteroplacental circulation. Anesth Analg. 1993 Jan;76(1):197-9. (1993) Abstract

Schulman SR. Malignant hyperthermia and pediatric anesthesia. Semin Anesth XII:54-64, 1993 (1993)

Schulman SR. The VIth international MH biopsy conference. Anesth 78:626, 1993 (1993)

Schwartz MZ, Silver H, Schulman SR. Maintenance of the placental circulation to evaluate and treat an infant with massive head and neck hemangioma. J Pediatr Surg 28:520-2, 1993 (1993)

Stockwell JA, Kern FH, Meliones JN, Schulman SR, Greeley WJ: Case studies in pediatric intensive care. Edited by Rogers MC and Helfaer MA. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1993 (1993)

Schulman SR. Blood pressure monitoring in infants. J Clin Monit. 1991 Jul;7(3):280. (1991) Abstract