Runner's knee, or patellofemoral pain syndrome, is characterized by pain behind or around the patella (kneecap).

What causes runner's knee?

Though the exact cause is unknown, patellofemoral pain syndrome tends to be an overuse injury. Runner's knee is common in high-impact athletes, such as runners and jumpers, as well as in manual laborers.

Runner's knee can also develop from improper tracking of the patella on the fermur, which causes stress on the cartilage and soft tissue lining under the kneecap as it slides against the knee joint -- particularly when the patella is misalligned.

Patellofemoral pain syndrome can also be caused by excess weight, flat feet, or kneecap dislocation.

What does runner's knee feel like?

Common symptoms of patellofemoral pain syndrome include:

• A dull, aching pain around the front of the kneecap -- occuring when walking up or down stairs, when the knee is bent while sitting for long periods of time, while squatting, or jumping
• A catching, grinding, or popping sensation during knee movement
• Knee weakness and instability

How do I know if I have runner's knee?

A physical examination of your knee, as well as a review of your medical history, is key to diagnosis. Your doctor will inquire about your physical activity, assess your knee's range of motion, and evaluate your knee's allignment and stability.

X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may also help rule out fracture and determine if there is damage to the tissue and structure of the knee.

How is runner's knee treated?

Patellofemoral pain syndrome is typically treated conservatively and without surgery. Common treatments include:

• Anti-inflammatory medicines: Reducing the pain and inflammation associated with runner's knee
• Activity modification: Avoiding activities that can irritate the injured knee, including keeling and bent-knee exercises such as squats
• Rest: Limiting activity and immobilizing the injured knee -- perhaps by use of a brace or taping to stabilize the kneecap
• Ice: Applying cold compress to the knee to reduce pain and inflammation
• Physical therapy: Therapeutic exercise designed to strengthen the quadricep muscle and improve range of movement

Treatment Videos

Watch an educational video about patellofemoral pain syndrome and treatment options for this condition.