Urologic cancers are classified into stages to indicate how large the cancer is and how far it has spread. Below are the specific stages used to classify the different types of urologic cancer.
Bladder Cancer Stages
- Stage 0: Abnormal cells are found in the lining of the bladder. These cells are not cancer but can develop into cancer. This stage can also be called papillary carcinoma or carcinoma in situ, depending on the type of cells that are found.
- Stage I: Actual cancer has formed and has spread to the tissue under the lining of the bladder.
- Stage II: Cancer spread to the muscle wall of the bladder.
- Stage III: Cancer has spread beyond the bladder to the fatty tissue around it. Cancer may also have spread to the organs around the bladder, include the prostate, the seminal vesicles (tube-like glands behind the bladder), the uterus, or the vagina.
- Stage IV: Cancer has spread to the abdominal wall or pelvic wall. It may have also spread to lymph nodes or to other parts of the body.
Kidney Cancer Stages
- Stage I: The tumor is small (less than 7 centimeters in diameter) and is confined to the kidney.
- Stage II: The tumor is still confined to the kidney but is larger.
- Stage III: The tumor has spread beyond the kidney to surrounding tissue or the adrenal glands. It may also have spread to the lymph nodes.
- Stage IV: The cancer has spread to far-away parts of the body, either to many lymph nodes or to other organs such as the bones, the lungs, or the brain.
Testicular Cancer Stages
- Stage 0: Abnormal cells have formed in the small tubes inside the testicles where sperm cells develop. These cells may develop into cancer. This stage is also known as carcinoma in situ.
- Stage I: Actual cancer has formed, but it is limited to the testicles.
- Stage II: The cancer has spread to the lymph nodes in the abdomen.
- Stage III: The cancer has spread to other parts of the body, such as the lungs, liver, bones, or brain.
Prostate Cancer Stages
- Stage I: The cancer is found in the prostate only, in a very small area that a doctor cannot feel during a rectal exam.
- Stage II: The cancer is larger and can be felt during a rectal exam, but it is still limited to the prostate.
- Stage III: The cancer has spread outside the prostate, to the seminal vesicles (tube-like glands behind the bladder) or other nearby tissues.
- Stage IV: The cancer has spread to lymph nodes, bones, lungs, or other organs.
Learn more about urologic cancer:
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