The Duke Cancer Institute offers expert diagnosis and treatment of vaginal cancer, an uncommon cancer caused when malignant (cancerous) cells form in the vagina. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma are the main types of vaginal cancer.

Diagnosis

The specialists at the Duke Cancer Institute use a number of tests to diagnose vaginal cancer. A physical exam, pelvic exam, and Pap smear can help determine if any abnormal cells or growths exist in the pelvic area.

To diagnose cancer, your doctor may use a biopsy or colposcopy to examine tissue more closely for cancerous cells.

Treatment

Treatment for vaginal cancer varies depending on the type, size, stage, and location of the cancer. Once a diagnosis is made, your treatment team will discuss your options with you and create the best care plan for your needs.

Surgery is the most common treatment for vaginal cancer. A number of surgical procedures are available at the Duke Cancer Institute:

• Wide local excision: Removes the cancer and some of the healthy tissue around it
• Laser surgery: Uses a laser to remove a surface tumor without a knife
• Vaginectomy: Removes all or part of the vagina

In some cases of more extensive vaginal cancer, patients may also be treated with radiation therapy and chemotherapy.

Appointments

Learn how to make an appointment at the Duke Cancer Institute.