Hysteroscopy is a surgical procedure involving a small scope placed through the cervix into the uterine cavity. This allows for diagnostic as well as operative procedures to be performed.
On hysteroscopy, we can evaluate the lining of the uterine cavity, endometrial polyps, submucosal fibroids, and congenital defects of the uterus and cervix.
The procedure begins with or without cervical dilation. The scope is then introduced into the cervix. A distending medium such as saline or glycine is used to separate the walls of the uterus as the scope is advanced into the uterine cavity. The uterine cavity can then be inspected for things such as fibroids, polyps, abnormal endometrium, and uterine anomalies.
Instruments can be inserted through some of the operative introducers to allow for surgical removal of polyps and fibroids as well as resection of a septum. A curettage procedure may be combined with the hysteroscopy to assist in removing abnormal tissue.
Hysteroscopy can be performed in the clinic or as an outpatient procedure in the operating room. Recovery time for practically any hysteroscopic procedure is minimal. Mild bleeding or cramping may be experienced. Most patients are able to resume full activities the following day.
Sonohysterography
Sonohysterography, or saline contrast hysterography, is a diagnostic test involving the use of saline as a contrast agent inside the uterine cavity.
This contrast is visualized by vaginal ultrasound in the clinic. The contour of the endometrial cavity can be assessed using this technique. Other types of contrast media have been shown to be helpful in evaluation the fallopian tubes.
